Effect of processing parameters on the hot deformation behavior of as-cast TC21 titanium alloy

Isothermal compression tests of as-cast Ti–6A1–2Zr–2Sn–3Mo–1Cr–2Nb (TC21) titanium alloy are conducted in the deformation temperature ranging from 1000 to 1150 °C with an interval of 50 °C, strain rate ranging from 0.01 to 10.0 s−1 and height reductions of 30%, 45%, 60% and 75% on a computer controlled Gleeble 3500 simulator. The true stress–strain curves under different deformation conditions are obtained. Based on the experimental data, the effects of deformation parameters on the hot deformation behavior of as-cast TC21 alloy were studied. The deformation mechanisms of the alloy in the whole regimes are predicted by the power dissipation efficiency and instability parameter and further investigated through the microstructure observation. It is found that at the height reductions of 30%, 45% and 60%, the softening of stress–strain curves at high strain rate (>1.0 s−1) is mainly associated with flow localization, which is caused by local temperature rise, whereas at low strain rate, the softening is associated with dynamic recrystallization (DRX). However, the instability showed in flow localization occurs at low strain rate of 0.01 s−1 when the height reduction reaches 75%. In addition, the effects of strain rate, deformation temperature and height reduction on microstructure evolution are discussed in detail, respectively.

► The hot compression test was conducted in the range of 1000–1150 oC/0.01–10 s−1/30–75%. ► The hot deformation behavior of as-cast TC21 alloy was explored. ► The flow softening of stress–strain curves was analyzed. ► Effects of deformation parameters on the hot deformation behavior were investigated. ► The hot deformation mechanisms were verified through the microstructure observation.