The material characterization of the air spring bellow sealing layer

The paper presents the tensile creep, relaxation and low-cycle fatigue data of filled natural rubber. The data were collected at four temperatures, 23, 40, 55 and 70 °C and with different load levels. Each creep and low-cycle fatigue experiment was performed until a rupture appeared. The relaxation experiments were performed for 10,000 s. For each loading condition, the creep and relaxation data are fitted with the simplified two-parameter Nutting equation. The dependence of the parameters on load and temperature is then presented with a 3D piecewise cubic Hermite interpolation. The low-cycle fatigue data are fitted with the Coffin, Manson and Morrow equation, which is associated with procedures that are widely used for metal materials.