Article ID | Journal | Published Year | Pages | File Type |
---|---|---|---|---|
8429384 | Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Reviews on Cancer | 2018 | 40 Pages |
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most lethal primary brain tumor and poor survival of glioblastoma patients is attributed to the presence of glioma stem cells (GSCs). These therapy-resistant, quiescent and pluripotent cells reside in GSC niches, which are specific microenvironments that protect GSCs against radiotherapy and chemotherapy. We previously showed the existence of hypoxic peri-arteriolar GSC niches in glioblastoma tumor samples. However, other studies have described peri-vascular niches, peri-hypoxic niches, peri-immune niches and extracellular matrix niches of GSCs. The aim of this review was to critically evaluate the literature on these five different types of GSC niches. In the present review, we describe that the five niche types are not distinct from one another, but should be considered to be parts of one integral GSC niche model, the hypoxic peri-arteriolar GSC niche. Moreover, hypoxic peri-arteriolar GSC niches are structural and functional look-alikes of hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) niches in the bone marrow. GSCs are maintained in peri-arteriolar niches by the same receptor-ligand interactions as HSCs in bone marrow. Our concept should be rigidly tested in the near future and applied to develop therapies to expel and keep GSCs out of their protective niches to render them more vulnerable to standard therapies.
Keywords
SDF-1αMSCHspECMGM-CSFSCFHIFGSCOPNCXCR4VCAM-1M-CSFJagged-1Delta-like ligand 4AMLTGF-βCatKHSCMMPdll4OsteopontinTAMtransforming growth factor-βShhBlood vesselsHematopoietic stem cellglioma stem cellEndothelial cellMesenchymal stem cellGlioma stem cellssonic hedgehogHypoxia-inducible factorVascular endothelial growth factorVascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF)Stem Cell Factoracute myeloid leukemiaAcute lymphoblastic leukemiaExtracellular matrixMatrix metalloproteaseTumor-associated macrophageVasculatureTherapy resistancevascular cell adhesion molecule-1Tumor microenvironmentNitric oxidenichesALLHypoxiaCathepsin KGlioblastoma
Related Topics
Life Sciences
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Cancer Research
Authors
Diana A. Aderetti, Vashendriya V.V. Hira, Remco J. Molenaar, Cornelis J.F. van Noorden,