Andrographolide, a diterpene lactone from Andrographis paniculata and its therapeutic promises in cancer

Article ID	Journal	Published Year	Pages	File Type
8434716	Cancer Letters	2018	17 Pages	PDF

Abstract

The diterpene lactone andrographolide, isolated from Andrographis paniculata, has been proven to possess several important protective biological activities, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, antiseptic, antimicrobial, cytotoxic, hypolipidemic, cardioprotective, hepatoprotective, and neuroprotective effects. In addition, it has been reported to play a therapeutic role in the treatment of major human diseases, such as Parkinson's disease, rheumatoid arthritis, and colitis. This systematic review aims to highlight andrographolide as a promising agent in cancer treatment. To this purpose, a number of databases were used to search for the cytotoxic/anticancer effects of andrographolide in pre-clinical and clinical studies. Among 1703 identified literature articles, 139 were included in this review; 109 were investigated as non-clinical, whereas 24, 3, and 3 were pre-clinical, clinical, and non-pre-clinical trials, respectively. Among the model systems, cultured cell lines appeared as the most frequently (79.14%) used, followed by inÂ vivo models using rodents, among others. Furthermore, andrographolide was found to exert cytotoxic/anticancer effects on almost all types of cell lines with the underlying mechanisms involving oxidative stress, cell cycle arrest, anti-inflammatory and immune system mediated effects, apoptosis, necrosis, autophagy, inhibition of cell adhesion, proliferation, migration, invasion, anti-angiogenic activity, and other miscellaneous actions. After careful consideration of the relevant evidence, we suggest that andrographolide can be one of the potential agents in the treatment of cancer in the near future.

Keywords

NF-κB PI3K CDK MMP LPS TGF-β1 mRNA IgE ACS NADPH HIF-1 GSH COX-2 HUVECS RANKL ICAM-1 ERK MCL GIT GSSG TBARS iNOS OVA KIM-1 IFN-γ AP-1 GM-CSF PARP NIH TLR4 GRP78 STAT-3 PAI-1 PC12 TIMP-1 DLBCL CFSE CRPC GPx1 GCLM granulocyte monocyte-colony stimulating factor Andrographis paniculata MDA Pheochromocytoma 12 Cip1 activated protein kinase natural killer C/EBP homologous protein MPO MAPK Phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase messenger RNA ROS Hydrogen peroxide Akt American Chemical Society Andrographolide Ovalbumin immunoglobulin interferon-gamma interleukin tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 1 tumor necrosis factor-alpha CHOP Gastrointestinal tract Andro SOD NSCLC Non-small cell lung cancer Castration-resistant prostate cancer Human umbilical vein endothelial cells inducible nitric oxide synthase Superoxide dismutase Cyclooxygenase-2 endoplasmic reticulum Chemotherapy Anticancer hypoxia inducible factor 1 Vascular endothelial growth factor Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF)TNF-α Nuclear factor-kappa B TRAIL Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma Mantle cell lymphoma Follicular lymphoma lipopolysaccharide TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand National Institutes of Health malondialdehyde signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 Kidney injury molecule-1 Intercellular adhesion molecule 1 myeloperoxidase nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate H2O2 X-linked Inhibitor of Apoptosis Protein glucose-regulated protein 78 activator protein-1 mitogen activated protein kinase poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase reduced glutathione carboxyfluorescein succinimidyl ester extracellular signal-regulated kinase cyclin-dependent kinase glutathione disulfide glutathione peroxidase 1 Reactive oxygen species Toll-like receptor 4 receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand