Production of graphene powder by electrochemical exfoliation of graphite electrodes immersed in aqueous solution

In our research, graphene powder was prepared by electrochemical exfoliation of graphite electrodes immersed in electrolyte solution of a sulfuric acid, nitric acid and distilled water (H2SO4/HNO3/H2O) with applied +10 V for 50 min. Graphene powder was characterized by XRD, Raman spectroscopy, AFM, SEM, and FTIR to investigate the structural, morphological, and chemical properties. The XRD analysis was showed polycrystalline structure of graphene with sharp peak at 2θ= 26.61 and broad peak at 2θ= 54.68 along (002) and (004) orientation respectively which was consistent with the interlayer spacing of normal graphite. Raman spectrum was demonstrated two intensive peaks at 1580 cm−1and 1354 cm−1 for IG and ID confirmed with graphitic carbon-based materials. The AFM and SEM were exhibited the morphology of graphene powder has different shapes and sizes with a few agglomerates of crumpled and rippled structure. FTIR spectrum showed an absorption band at 1643.41 cm−1 assigned to the CC stretching vibration of the hexagonal ring also there were oxygen-containing functional groups such as CO and OH.