Article ID | Journal | Published Year | Pages | File Type |
---|---|---|---|---|
8478989 | Neurochemistry International | 2018 | 47 Pages |
Abstract
Development of manganism (also known as manganese neurotoxicity) is a major complication of manganese exposure in which neurological dysfunction is linked to accumulation of the metal in brain. Due to neuronal cell death in basal ganglia structures, particularly the globus pallidus, functional recovery is limited. Bearing a resemblance to Parkinson's disease, effective treatment for manganism is currently limited. However, the rapidly developing field of stem cell research offers new hope for the treatment of illnesses in which neurodegeneration is a major feature. The first part of this review will focus on the clinical features and pathophysiology of cerebral damage resulting from exposure to manganese, including the role of astrocytes, disruption of energy metabolism, involvement of oxidative stress, excitotoxicity, and inflammation, with the second part exploring how stem cells may provide an important therapeutic strategy for patients with this major neurologic disorder.
Keywords
SGZMSCOPCNGFMPTPGLASTGDNFPKCIPSCGRPGLT-1SVZDMT1PLAPTgf-αFHFYY1CDTAGlial-restricted precursorACTHNSCHIF-11-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridineBDNFROSAstrocyteplacental alkaline phosphataseWernicke's encephalopathyportal-systemic encephalopathyhepatic encephalopathyEDTAEthylenediaminetetraacetic acidMRIexcitotoxicityAlzheimer's diseaseHuntington's diseaseParkinson's diseasetransforming growth factor-alphaMagnetic resonance imagingOxidative stressNeurodegenerationglutamate aspartate transporterESCStem cellEmbryonic stem cellNeural stem cellMesenchymal stem cellInduced pluripotent stem cellFulminant hepatic failureManganese neurotoxicitynerve growth factorHypoxia Inducible Factorglia-derived neurotrophic factorBrain-derived neurotrophic factorFoxODivalent metal transporter 1subgranular zonesubventricular zoneManganeseMitochondriaPASadrenocorticotropin hormoneProtein kinase CPSEthiamine deficiencyglutamate transporter 1Reactive oxygen speciesYin Yang 1
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Authors
Thatiane C. de Moura, Szeifoul Afadlal, Alan S. Hazell,