Article ID | Journal | Published Year | Pages | File Type |
---|---|---|---|---|
8479656 | Seminars in Cell & Developmental Biology | 2018 | 20 Pages |
Abstract
One of the most interesting features of Arc-dependent synaptic plasticity is how multiple types of synaptic activity can converge to alter Arc transcription and then diverge to induce different plasticity outcomes, ranging from AMPA receptor internalisation that promotes long-term depression (LTD), to actin stabilisation that promotes long-term potentiation (LTP). This diversity suggests that there must be numerous levels of control to ensure the temporal profile, abundance, localisation and function of Arc are appropriately regulated to effect learning and memory in the correct contexts. The activity-dependent transcription and post-translational modification of Arc are crucial regulators of synaptic plasticity, fine-tuning the function of this key protein depending on the specific situation. The extensive cross-talk between signalling pathways and the numerous routes of Arc regulation provide a complex interplay of processes in which Arc-mediated plasticity can be broadly induced, but specifically tailored to synaptic activity. Here we provide an overview what is currently known about these processes and potential future directions.
Keywords
SUMOylationSRFAMPARpKaCaMKNGFTTXSENPSARECREBVSCCHFSNMDARmGluRIEGSRECKIIPDGFSUMOCREMEF2EGFsentrin-specific proteaseERKArc/Arg3.1BDNFcAMPCRE binding proteinMAPKα-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptorCyclic adenosine monophosphatelong-term depressiontetrodotoxinhigh frequency stimulationlong-term potentiationLTPTranscriptionSIMepidermal growth factorcAMP response elementSerum response elementmyocyte enhancer factor 2platelet derived growth factornerve growth factorserum response factorPhosphorylationArcLTDvoltage sensitive calcium channelprotein kinase Amitogen-activated protein kinaseCa2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinaseSynaptic plasticityimmediate early genecasein kinase IIsmall ubiquitin-like modifierExtracellular signal–regulated kinaseGABAARN-methyl-d-aspartate receptorMetabotropic glutamate receptorubiquitination
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Authors
Ruth E. Carmichael, Jeremy M. Henley,