Article ID | Journal | Published Year | Pages | File Type |
---|---|---|---|---|
8538371 | Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology | 2018 | 39 Pages |
Abstract
Fluoride (F) is a toxicant widely distributed in the environment. Experimental studies have shown kidney toxicity from F exposure. However, co-exposure to arsenic (As) has not been considered, and epidemiological information remains limited. We evaluated the association between F exposure and urinary kidney injury biomarkers and assessed As co-exposure interactions. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 239 adults (18-77â¯years old) from three communities in Chihuahua, Mexico. Exposure to F was assessed in urine and drinking water, and As in urine samples. We evaluated the urinary concentrations of albumin (ALB), cystatin-C (Cys-C), kidney injury molecule 1 (KIM-1), clusterin (CLU), osteopontin (OPN), and trefoil factor 3 (TFF-3). The estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was calculated using serum creatinine (Creat) levels. We observed a positive correlation between water and urine F concentrations (Ïâ¯=â¯0.7419, pâ¯<â¯0.0001), with median values of 1.5â¯mg/L and 2â¯Î¼g/mL, respectively, suggesting that drinking water was the main source of F exposure. The geometric mean of urinary As was 18.55â¯ng/mL, approximately 39% of the urine samples had As concentrations above the human biomonitoring value (15â¯ng/mL). Multiple linear regression models demonstrated a positive association between urinary F and ALB (βâ¯=â¯0.56, pâ¯<â¯0.001), Cys-C (βâ¯=â¯0.022, pâ¯=â¯0.001), KIM-1 (βâ¯=â¯0.048, pâ¯=â¯0.008), OPN (βâ¯=â¯0.38, pâ¯=â¯0.041), and eGFR (βâ¯=â¯0.49, pâ¯=â¯0.03); however, CLU (βâ¯=â¯0.07, pâ¯=â¯0.100) and TFF-3 (βâ¯=â¯1.14, pâ¯=â¯0.115) did not show significant associations. No interaction with As exposure was observed. In conclusion, F exposure was related to the urinary excretion of early kidney injury biomarkers, supporting the hypothesis of the nephrotoxic role of F exposure.
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Authors
Monica I. Jiménez-Córdova, Mariana Cárdenas-González, Guadalupe Aguilar-Madrid, Luz C. Sanchez-Peña, Ángel Barrera-Hernández, Iván A. DomÃnguez-Guerrero, Carmen González-Horta, Olivier C. Barbier, Luz M. Del Razo,