Innate and adaptive immunity in atherosclerosis

Article ID	Journal	Published Year	Pages	File Type
8540415	Vascular Pharmacology	2018	11 Pages	PDF

Abstract

Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the large and medium-size arteries characterized by the subendothelial accumulation of cholesterol, immune cells, and extracellular matrix. At the early onset of atherogenesis, endothelial dysfunction takes place. Atherogenesis is further triggered by the accumulation of cholesterol-carrying low-density lipoproteins, which acquire properties of damage-associated molecular patterns and thereby trigger an inflammatory response. Following activation of the innate immune response, mainly governed by monocytes and macrophages, the adaptive immune response is started which further promotes atherosclerotic plaque formation. In this review, an overview is given describing the role of damage-associated molecular patterns, NLRP3 inflammasome activation, and innate and adaptive immune cells in the atherogenesis process.283

Keywords

NF-κB nucleotide-binding and oligomerization domain TNF NLRs RLRs ALRs ETA VSMCs T helper SASP RIG NKT PRRs ET-1 IFN-γ MCP-1 CCR DAMPs Mmps HDL NOD natural killer MPO ECs NETs ROS TLRs Atherosclerosis Angiotensin II apo apolipoprotein NLRP3 inflammasome sterile inflammation damage-associated molecular patterns endothelin-1 interferon-γ BAFF neutrophil extracellular traps Ang II natural killer T cells Immune cells Vascular smooth muscle cells Endothelial cells B cell activating factor granulocyte colony-stimulating factor G-CSF tumor necrosis factor nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells Senescence associated secretory phenotype High-density lipoproteins matrix metalloproteinase myeloperoxidase AIM absent in melanoma monocyte chemo-attractant protein-1 retinoic acid-inducible gene Reactive oxygen species chemokine receptor NOD-like receptors pattern recognition receptors Toll-like receptors RIG-I-like receptors