El grupo hemo y la ácido aminolevulínico sintasa 1 en la fisiopatología de los ataques agudos de porfiria

The acute hepatic porphyrias are a group of 4 rare diseases caused by enzymatic deficiencies in the haem biosynthetic pathway. They are characterized by presenting acute attacks of neurovisceral symptoms in presence of factors that increase the ALAS1 activity. Those factors could be endogenous or exogenous, such as sexual hormones, fasting, drugs, alcohol, tobacco, among other. The physiopathology of the attacks involves an increasing in ALAS1 function, excessive production of porphyrin precursors, and disturbances in hemoproteins synthesis due to the relative haem deficiency. The present paper is a review of the interaction of those mechanisms with some factors that induce ALAS1, their role in the origin of neurovisceral symptoms, and how the available treatments interfere with those processes.