Article ID | Journal | Published Year | Pages | File Type |
---|---|---|---|---|
8552700 | Toxicology | 2018 | 37 Pages |
Abstract
Diesel combustion is the major source of fine particle road emission, whose solid fraction is represented by diesel exhaust particles (DEP). Many studies indicate the contribution of DEP to the onset of different neurological diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), identifying oxidative stress and neuroinflammation as two cardinal processes of brain damage. This study aimed to investigate the effects of different concentrations of DEP (10âμg/ml and 50âμg/ml) on the mouse HT22 cells treated for 3âh or 24âh. Our results demonstrated that DEP contributed to an increased oxidative stress, defined by overexpression of HO-1, Hsp70 and Cyp1b1 protein levels. Moreover, an inflammatory-related processes were also observed, as COX-2 and iNOS levels were higher in treated cells when compared to the control. Furthermore, our investigations highlighted the alteration of fatty acid composition, total cholesterol content in cells and media, and of membrane fluidity, suggesting a lipid reshaping after DEP treatment. Finally, we detected APP and BACE1 increase after 24âh of treatment with 50âμg/ml of DEP. Indeed, our results propose a role of acute exposure in the onset of a deleterious mechanism for AD neurodegeneration, even though no differences were observed in p-APP Thr668 levels, BACE1 activity and APP C-terminal fragment beta amount.
Keywords
β-CTFHO-1BACE1FASCOX-2DEPiNOShsp70APPHeme oxygenase-1PUFAsCYP1B1DPHUFPsCHOLMDAROSArachidonic acidPolyunsaturated fatty acidsFatty acidsinflammationAlzheimer’s diseaseOxidative stressCNSUltrafine particlesDiesel exhaust particlesparticulate matterHT22 cellscentral nervous systemCyclooxygenase-2malonyldialdehydePolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbonsPAHsheat shock protein 70amyloid precursor proteinesterified cholesterolfree cholesterolReactive oxygen species
Related Topics
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Environmental Science
Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis
Authors
Chiara Milani, Paola Antonia Corsetto, Francesca Farina, Laura Botto, Elena Lonati, Luca Massimino, Angela Maria Rizzo, Alessandra Bulbarelli, Paola Palestini,