Concurrent Velocimetry and Flash X-ray Characterization of Impact and Penetration in an Armor Ceramic

We present a methodology for concurrent Photon Doppler Velocimetry (PDV) and in-situ flash X-ray imaging during ballistic impact of metallic penetrators into monolithic armor grade ceramic targets. Tungsten heavy alloy long rod penetrators were launched from a smooth bore cannon into silicon carbide targets at velocities of 0.753 and 1.403 mm/μs. Penetrator lengths and penetration depths were measured as a function of time using an array of four 450 kV flash X-ray sources and digital film. A four channel PDV system coupled to a 16 GHz oscilloscope was used to measure the velocity history of the penetrator and at three positions on the back surface of the target. This experimental technique shows great promise for measurements of the dwell time, penetration velocity, and the time of final break-out from the back of the target.