Dénutrition chez l'enfant et l'adolescent obèse

Recently, childhood obesity, defined by an excessive fat mass, has become a major public health problem due to its steady increased prevalence over the last thirty years and its long-term complications if it persists during adulthood. Although malnutrition is rare in obese children, this population is at risk for iron and vitamin deficiencies. Hypovitaminosis D affects more than one in three children and requires systematic supplementation per 100,000 IU of vitamin D every three months. Iron deficiency is common as described in the pediatric population and must be detected. Specific vitamin of group B deficiencies is also described but is more rare. In addition, with the emergence of bariatric surgery in teenagers with sleeve gastrectomy or gastric by-pass, the risk of malnutrition will increase throughout life, especially in the case of poor compliance with vitaminic supplements as observed in adults.