Assessment of the emergency surgical patient

It is well known that emergency surgical patients have a higher risk of postoperative morbidity and mortality than those having elective procedures. A systematic preoperative assessment forms an important part of identifying risk factors and reducing their impact. Patients may require simultaneous resuscitation and assessment. Further deterioration in the patient's condition must not occur as a result of delays in decision making or awaiting results of investigations. A risk assessment score is useful for both surgeons and patients to provide information on possible postoperative outcomes. It will aid discussion for informed consent and guide planning of staffing for surgery and postoperative care location.