Comparaison entre oxygénothérapie à haut débit et ventilation non invasive en réanimation

Non-invasive ventilation (NIV) has been successfully used for nearly two decades to treat acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and acute pulmonary oedema. NIV has also been used in other nosological frameworks, with discrepant results in the literature regarding the prognosis and the decrease in orotracheal intubation. So as to define more clearly the optimal fields of use for NIV, studies tend to analyse more homogenous cohorts of patients, especially when addressing hypoxemic “de novo” acute respiratory failures. High-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) is a technique promoted for its ability to ensure consequent oxygenation, far above what standard device can provide, while being better tolerated by patients. The aim of this review is to compare the efficacy of NIV and HFNC in the ICU depending on the type of respiratory setup met.