Article ID | Journal | Published Year | Pages | File Type |
---|---|---|---|---|
8629936 | Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice | 2018 | 39 Pages |
Abstract
Nutrition therapy is considered a key component of diabetes management, yet evidence around the ideal macronutrient composition of the diet remains inconclusive. A systematic review and meta-analysis was performed to assess the effects of carbohydrate-restricted diets (â¤45% of total energy) compared to high carbohydrate diets (>45% of total energy) on glycemic control in adults with diabetes mellitus. Six databases were searched for articles published between January 1980 and August 2016. Primary outcome was between-group difference in HbA1c change. Individual effect sizes were standardized, and a meta-analysis performed to calculate pooled effect size using random effects. 25 RCTs involving 2412 participants were included. Carbohydrate-restricted diets, in particular those that restrict carbohydrate to <26% of total energy, produced greater reductions in HbA1c at 3â¯months (WMD â0.47%, 95% CI: â0.71, â0.23) and 6â¯months (WMD â0.36%, 95% CI: â0.62, â0.09), with no significant difference at 12 or 24â¯months. There was no difference between moderately restricted (26-45% of total energy) and high carbohydrate diets at any time point. Although there are issues with the quality of the evidence, this review suggests that carbohydrate-restricted diets could be offered to people living with diabetes as part of an individualised management plan.
Keywords
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Authors
Emma Sainsbury, Nathalie V. Kizirian, Stephanie R. Partridge, Timothy Gill, Stephen Colagiuri, Alice A. Gibson,