| Article ID | Journal | Published Year | Pages | File Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 8633135 | Metabolism | 2018 | 30 Pages |
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide and a major economic burden. The prevalence of T2DM is rising, suggesting more effective prevention and treatment strategies are necessary. The aim of this narrative review is to summarize the pharmacologic treatment options available for patients with T2DM. Each therapeutic class is presented in detail, outlining medication effects, side effects, glycemic control, effect on weight, indications and contraindications, and use in selected populations (heart failure, renal insufficiency, obesity and the elderly). We also present representative cost for each antidiabetic category. Then, we provide an individualized guide for initiation and intensification of treatment and discuss the considerations and rationale for an individualized glycemic goal.
Keywords
ACCORDLDL-CTECOSDelayed-releaseSGLT-2Bypass Angioplasty Revascularization Investigation 2 DiabetesFDG PETHDL-CGLP-1BARI 2DCREDENCEUKPDSGLP-1RAAACEMACERCTLVEFNYHAHbA1cDPP4NPHT2DMEMAEASDVADTIGTLiraglutide Effect and Action in DiabetesEMPA-REG OUTCOMECarolinaNPLACSACEAMPKAGSEGFRPTP-1BRandomized controlled trialsangiotensin converting enzymeMyocardial infarctionEuropean Medicine AgencyAdoptimpaired glucose tolerancenonalcoholic steatohepatitisOriginAlgorithmAmerican Association of Clinical EndocrinologistsEuropean Association for the Study of DiabetesAmerican Geriatrics SocietyAmerican Diabetes AssociationNew York Heart Associationsurcardiovascular diseasefMRIfunctional magnetic resonance imagingFluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomographymajor adverse cardiovascular eventsPersonalized therapyType 2 diabetesdipeptidyl peptidaseCVDLeaderDREAMrecordLeadAcute coronary syndromesodium glucose co-transporter 2SulfonylureasCANVAShigh-density lipoprotein cholesterolUnited Kingdom Prospective Diabetes StudyEXAMINEInsulin resistanceestimated glomerular filtration rateheart failureNash NAVIGATORGlycated hemoglobin A1cHOMAADAPancreatic polypeptideC-reactive proteinCRPadenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinaseglucagon-like peptide-1ADVANCEProactiveLow-density lipoprotein cholesterolGlut-4sulfonylurea receptorGLP-1 receptor agonists
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Authors
Jagriti Upadhyay, Stergios A. Polyzos, Nikolaos Perakakis, Bindiya Thakkar, Stavroula A. Paschou, Niki Katsiki, Patricia Underwood, Kyung-Hee Park, Jochen Seufert, Eun Seok Kang, Elliot Sternthal, Asterios Karagiannis, Christos S. Mantzoros,