Early detection and monitoring of forest fire with a wireless sensor network system

This work presents a low-rate wireless personal area network-based sensor network for early detection and monitoring of forest fires. The system has been designed to perform different parameter measurements at different tree heights, depending on the forest relief. Thereby, it is possible to know how fire affects the soil mantle, stems and treetops, as well as to detect underground fires. Measures of power consumption confirm the feasibility of the implementation of this sensor network. Using a duty cycle of 0.33% and with the selected low-voltage-low-power compliant sensors, the network operating life is greater than one year.