Comparison of two complete mitochondrial genomes from Perlodidae (Plecoptera: Perloidea) and the family-level phylogenetic implications of Perloidea

To obtain a better understanding of the mitochondrial genome in Perlodidae and the phylogeny of Perloidea, we sequenced two perlodid mitochondrial genomes and present comparative analyses in the family Perlodidae. Our results show that genome organization, base composition, codon usage and non-coding and overlapping regions, the sequences of mitochondrial transcription termination factor (DmTTF) and structural elements in control region were conserved in Perlodidae. The unique non-coding regions in COI-trnL2 and trnL2-COII were present in Perlodidae but were incomplete or absent from other stoneflies, and we also discuss the conservative property of the sequences between trnE and trnF, trnS1 and ND1. The secondary structure of tRNAs showed that the trnK, trnP, trnS1 and trnW were identical and the trnS1 could not be folded into typical secondary structure due to its absence of DHU arm. Phylogenetic implications supported that Chloroperlidae is a sister group to Perlodidae and the Perlidae is a sister group to the clade Chloroperlidae + Perlodidae. This study contributes to understanding the comparative mitogenomic analysis of Perlodidae and phylogenetic relationships within the Perloidea.