Role of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α cytokines and TNF-α promoter variability in Plasmodium vivax infection during pregnancy in endemic population of Jharkhand, India

The observation of elevated IL-1β and IL-6 in MIP and TNF-α in WWM may be regarded as a prognostic inflammatory marker of infection and pregnancy. Most particularly, the TNF-α concentration and its polymorphic variability in the promoter region may indicate genetic susceptibility and mildly influence the risk for P. vivax infection during pregnancy and in women with malaria.