Cardiovascular responses to dry apnoeas at exercise in air and in pure oxygen

If, as postulated, the end of the steady state phase (φ2) of cardiovascular responses to apnoea corresponds to the physiological breaking point, then we may hypothesize that φ2 should become visible if exercise apnoeas are performed in pure oxygen. We tested this hypothesis on 9 professional divers by means of continuous recording of blood pressure (BP), heart rate (fH), stroke volume (QS), and arterial oxygen saturation (SpO2) during dry maximal exercising apnoeas in ambient air and in oxygen. Apnoeas lasted 45.0 ± 16.9 s in air and 77.0 ± 28.9 s in oxygen (p < 0.05). In air, no φ2 was observed. Conversely, in oxygen, a φ2 of 28 ± 5 s duration appeared, during which systolic BP (185 ± 29 mmHg), fH (93 ± 16 bpm) and QS (91 ± 16 ml) remained stable. End-apnoea SpO2 was 95.5 ± 1.9% in air and 100% in oxygen. The results support the tested hypothesis.