Methods for determination of absolute configuration of monosaccharides

Monosaccharides are one of the most important structural components of biomolecules, such as polysaccharides, nucleic acids, glycolipids and glycoproteins. In structural analysis of polysaccharides and glycoconjugates, the absolute configurations (D or L) of the constituent monosaccharides are usually determined by measurement of the optical rotation, CD spectra or characteristic chromatographic retention behavior. However, each method has its unique advantages and limitations which should be considered while using them. In this review, an overview of the different methods for the determination of absolute configuration of monosaccharides and their underlying principles are summarized to serve as a reference for researchers.