Direct electrochemistry and electrocatalysis of horseradish peroxidase immobilized in sol–gel-derived ceramic–carbon nanotube nanocomposite film

The sol–gel-derived ceramic–carbon nanotube (SGCCN) nanocomposite film fabricated by doping multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) into a silicate gel matrix was used to immobilize protein. The SGCCN film can provide a favorable microenvironment for horseradish peroxidase (HRP) to perform direct electron transfer (DET) at glassy carbon electrode. The HRP immobilized in the SGCCN film shows a pair of well-defined redox waves and retains its bioelectrocatalytic activity to the reduction of O2 and H2O2, which is superior to that immobilized in silica sol–gel film.