Incidentalomas paratiroideos: un nuevo diagnóstico, un nuevo problema. Prevalencia en Argentina

Parathyroid incidentalomas (PI) were first described as intraoperative findings and then in ultrasound thyroid scan studies. Few studies have been performed to investigate this, so their incidence is unclear. Moreover, the presence of a hypo-echogenic image in parathyroid topography may also be thyroid or lymphatic tissue. A retrospective evaluation was performed on the seven-year clinical records of patients in whom a PI was diagnosed during a thyroid ultrasound scan. PI was diagnosed in 24 patients (4.0%). Twenty one patients had autoimmune hypothyroidism and 3 patients had thyroid nodules. In 10 cases the lesion was unique, and in 14 cases there were two or more lesions. During follow-up, ultrasound was repeated in 13 patients, and all showed findings. Serum calcium and PTH were normal in 23 patients, but in one of them, with an image of a lesion of 6 mm, PTH was slightly elevated, with normal serum calcium. Later, hypercalcaemia was detected and a parathyroid adenoma was diagnosed. The incidence of PI seems to be increasing, with our rate of 4% of compatible images (without confirming the parathyroid origin of the lesion) is higher than that reported in the few existing publications on the subject. Many patients with PI may not present with biochemical abnormalities, but as our experience shows, these lesions may represent the first stage of primary hyperparathyroidism; therefore careful follow-up is advisable.