Article ID | Journal | Published Year | Pages | File Type |
---|---|---|---|---|
8736443 | Autoimmunity Reviews | 2018 | 14 Pages |
Abstract
Systemic autoimmune diseases can affect various kinds of organs including the kidney, the skin, soft tissue and the bone. Among others, cardiovascular involvement in rheumatic diseases has been shown to affect myocardium, pericardium, cardiac vessels, conduction system and valves, eventually leading to increased mortality. In general, underlying chronic inflammation leads to premature atherosclerosis, but also other manifestations such as arrhythmia and heart failure may have a 'silent' progress. Traditional cardiovascular risk factors play a secondary role, while disease-specific factors (i.e. disease duration, severity, antibody positivity, persistent disease activity) can directly influence the cardiovascular system. Therefore, early diagnosis is critical to optimize management and to control inflammatory activity and recent data suggest that risk factors (i.e. hypercholesterolemia and hypertension) need intensive treatment as well. With the advent of immunosuppressive agents, most rheumatic diseases are well controlled on treatment, but information related to their cardioprotective efficacy is not well-defined. In this review, we focus on cardiovascular involvement in rheumatic diseases and highlight current evidence which should be of help for the treating physicians. Moreover, cardiotoxicity of immunosuppressive drugs is a rare issue and such potential adverse events will be briefly discussed.
Keywords
SLEDAIChFIHDCIMTGCANT-Pro BNPPCICVERBBBWBCN-terminal pro b-type natriuretic peptideFMDACEHDLCQTcACAcTnILDLcDAS28TAKESRCFRAnti-Ro/SSAHRTanti-CCPanti-centromere antibodySCDACSAmIAPsHRVTNF- αTakayasu's arteritisGiant cell arteritisRheumatoid arthritisHeart rate turbulenceanti-nuclear antibodyangiotensin converting enzymeMyocardial infarctionANApericardial effusionFlow-mediated dilationinterleukinleft ventricleRight bundle branch blockcoronary artery diseasecardiovascular diseaseischemic heart diseaseKawasaki diseasecoronary artery bypass graftingtriglycerideCorrected QTCABGCoronary flow reserveAutonomic nervous systemAtrioventricularCVDCardiovascular eventANSerythrocyte sedimentation rateAcute coronary syndromeAntiphospholipid syndromeAcute myocardial infarctionsystemic lupus erythematosus disease activity indexCarotid intima-media thicknessCADrheumatoid factorTumor Necrosis Factor- αAtrial fibrillationSystemic lupus erythematosusSLEhigh-density lipoprotein cholesterolpercutaneous coronary interventionSudden cardiac deathcomplement factor 3congestive heart failureheart failuredisease activity score in 28 jointsheart rate variabilityC-reactive proteinCRPAnti-cyclic citrullinated peptideChloroquineLow-density lipoprotein cholesterolwhite blood cell
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Authors
Kwang Seob Lee, Andreas Kronbichler, Michael Eisenhut, Keum Hwa Lee, Jae Il Shin,