Article ID | Journal | Published Year | Pages | File Type |
---|---|---|---|---|
8753502 | Archives of Medical Research | 2017 | 9 Pages |
Abstract
Acute leukemia is the most common pediatric cancer, representing one-third of all cancers that occurs in under 15Â year olds, with a varied incidence worldwide. Although a number of advances have increased the knowledge of leukemia pathophysiology, its etiology remains less well understood. The role of infectious agents, such as viruses, bacteria, or parasites, in the pathogenesis of leukemia has been discussed. To date, several cellular mechanisms involving infectious agents have been proposed to cause leukemia following infections. However, although leukemia can be triggered by contact with such agents, they can also be beneficial in developing immune stimulation and protection despite the risk of leukemic clones. In this review, we analyze the proposed hypotheses concerning how infectious agents may play a role in the origin and development of leukemia, as well as in a possible mechanism of protection following infections. We review reported clinical observations associated with vaccination or breastfeeding, that support hypotheses such as early life exposure and the resulting early immune stimulation that lead to protection.
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Authors
José Arellano-Galindo, Alberto Parra Barrera, Elva Jiménez-Hernández, Sergio Zavala-Vega, Guillermina Campos-Valdéz, Juan Xicohtencatl-Cortes, Sara A. Ochoa, Ariadnna Cruz-Córdova, MarÃa del Pilar Crisóstomo-Vázquez,