Determining leak locations during transnasal endoscopic repair of cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea

For cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea patients whose leak locations are difficult to determine, surgeons can increase their operative success rates by performing radioisotope scanning and intraspinal saline injections and by using image-guided surgical systems. These safe and effective methods can be used to successfully detect leak locations during transnasal endoscopic repair of cerebrospinal fluid leaks.