HIV prevention strategies

Existing since the 1980s, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevention strategies have developed in parallel with our understanding of HIV transmission and treatment for HIV disease. The past few years have seen exciting advancements in HIV prevention methods, with the development of new, highly effective strategies such as pre-exposure prophylaxis. This sits alongside more traditional approaches such as post-exposure prophylaxis, consistent condom use and increased access to HIV testing. Data now show that an HIV-positive person with a viral load that is undetectable for at least 6 months is not infectious to their sexual partner. Therefore, early HIV diagnosis and initiation of antiretroviral therapy also prevents transmission, referred to as 'treatment as prevention'. Additionally, in the UK and Ireland, mother-to-child transmission of HIV has been virtually eliminated. These strategies in combination are starting to impact upon the incidence of HIV, both in the UK and worldwide.