Intelligent biohybrid systems for functional brain repair

In this review, we describe the progression of brain repair strategies, from the early pioneering demonstration of their feasibility to their recent implementation in the experimental and clinical settings. We will show how the convergence of different disciplines across the decades has led to the emergence of innovative concepts based on intelligent biohybrid designs. We discuss the advantages and limitations of the described approaches and we conclude by proposing possible solutions to the current shortcomings of available paradigms.