Resistencia antimicrobiana e implicancias para el manejo de infecciones del tracto urinario

Antimicrobial resistance is a growing global problem, which also affects the common etiological agents of urinary tract infections (UTI) and may involve increased morbidity and mortality without adequate treatment. There are regional differences in resistance and at the ambulatory versus nosocomial level that should be considered. Any use of antibiotics causes selective pressure on the microbiome by eliminating susceptible bacteria and increases the risk of infections by resistant bacteria. The main mechanisms of resistance and the affected antimicrobials are discussed, as well as their therapeutic implications in the different UTI cases. It is essential to avoid unnecessary exposure to antibiotics, make a correct diagnosis, choose and adjust an appropriate treatment, among other measures to face antimicrobial resistance.