Malpositions and malpresentations of the fetal head

Malpresentations of fetal head occur due to extension of the fetal head causing brow or face to present during labour. Malpositions of fetal head result when the occiput persists in a lateral or posterior position. Malpresentations and malpositions of fetal head are usually diagnosed in labour and are associated with difficult labour and increased risk of operative intervention. Regular systematic clinical examinations to monitor progress of labour and fetal wellbeing are necessary once fetal malpresentations or malpositions are diagnosed. Although vaginal delivery is possible in many cases, caesarean section becomes necessary when the malposition or malpresentation persists and labour fails to progress.