Same-sex relationships and minority stress

•Minority stressors that impact couples originate at multiple ecological levels.•Most studies focus on the individual outcomes of minority stress.•Few studies of minority stress and relationships include both couple members.•Internalized stigma is associated with lower relationship quality.•Dyadic coping strategies may protect the relationship from minority stress.

Same-sex relationships are stigmatized in a culture that privileges heterosexual relationships. This stigma creates minority stress in the lives of same-sex couples. We review current research on minority stress and same-sex relationships using an ecological framework to conceptualize the sources of minority stress that impact couples. Findings from this review suggest a need for research that moves conceptually and methodologically beyond a focus on the individual to a focus on the dyad and the interpersonal, institutional, and cultural sources of minority stress that affect couple relationships. Focusing on the strengths and resiliencies of same-sex couples will also extend the research. Creating effective dyadic interventions will promote the health and well-being of same-sex couples and their families.