Healthy 3D knee kinematics during gait: Differences between women and men, and correlation with x-ray alignment

Kinematic differences between women and men in the frontal plane can be partly explained by their anatomical differences: women were less in varus than men (HKA of −0.8° vs. −2.6°, p < 0.001). Our study contributes to a better understanding of healthy 3D knee kinematics during gait and highlights the need for accounting of gender differences in future investigations. Better knowledge of natural knee kinematics will be helpful in assessing pathological gait patterns or determining the efficiency of conservative and surgical treatments to restore normal kinematics.