Clinical outcomes for minimally invasive primary and secondary orbital reconstruction using an advanced synergistic combination of navigation and endoscopy

Navigation sharpens reconstructive accuracy and avoids injury to vital structures. Combined with endoscopic assistance for minimal-access reconstruction of wide-ranging orbital defects from primary to secondary or late cases and to extensive multiwall fractures, navigation facilitates minimal cosmetic incision and synergistic endoscope use and clearly optimizes aesthetic and functional outcomes, all with enhanced safety and unparalleled intraoperative visualization.