Multimodal management for acute invasive fungal rhinosinusitis

Acute invasive fungal rhinosinusitis (IFRS) is an aggressive sinonasal infection that is associated with a high risk of morbidity and mortality. Acute IFRS typically affects individuals with a deficient immune system and is characterized by a fulminant proliferation of tissue invasion by opportunistic fungal species. The early diagnosis and management of acute IFRS play important roles in improving the disease prognosis. The management of acute IFRS requires a multimodal approach that relies on both medical and surgical interventions. This article highlights general considerations for both the medical and surgical strategies for treatment of acute IFRS as a rhinologic emergency.