Article ID Journal Published Year Pages File Type
880718 Journal of Adolescence 2014 10 Pages PDF
Abstract

The present longitudinal study examined personality types, their change, and their relations with life outcomes and well-being in a sample of young Finns (N = 493) that was followed from age 15 to 23. The Big Five traits were measured at ages 20 and 23, and four personality types – Resilients, Overcontrollers, Anti-Resilients, and “Averages” – emerged at both time points. Those with higher initial well-being were more likely to be later classified as Resilients, whereas those with low and decreasing well-being were more likely to be classified as Anti-Resilients. At age 23, Anti-Resilients were less likely to have reached normative educational goals than others, and more likely to be unemployed than others, but Overcontrollers were less likely to be in a romantic relationship than others. The results question the universality of the three-type structure, but support the predictive validity of personality types.

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