Ureteral tunnel length versus ureteral orifice configuration in the determination of ureterovesical junction competence: A computer simulation model

The simulation results showed that UVJ competence was more sensitive to a 2-mm protrusion of the UO compared to an increase in the intravesical tunnel length from 3:1 to 5:1. This agrees with Lyon's theory, and at the same time challenges Paquin's 5:1 rule. Researchers could use this information to consider the UO configuration in further animal, human, computer or material models.308Summary Figure. Forces affecting a golf-type versus volcanic-type ureteral orifice.