Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis in a paediatric cohort (1963-2016): Outcomes from a large single-center series

This is the largest series to date of XGP in a paediatric cohort. XGP should be included in the differential diagnosis of all children presenting with perirenal or psoas abscesses, renal masses and/or non-functioning kidneys with/or without associated urolithiasis. Clinical awareness and a high index of suspicion is required to achieve the correct pre-operative diagnosis and appropriate management.369Summary Figure. Pathognomonic CT feature of xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis: 'bear-paw' sign.