Thrombocytopenia in childhood: a practical guide for investigation

Platelets play a central role in haemostasis. A significant reduction in the platelet count, thrombocytopenia, and the investigation of a child prone to bleeding and bruising, are common reasons for referral to paediatric haematology physicians. This article offers a practical guide to investigation of the thrombocytopenic child. The varied aetiology of thrombocytopenia in childhood, including both acquired and congenital forms are summarised. Conditions characterised by defective platelet function are also discussed. Key themes include a focus on distinguishing the cause of thrombocytopenia from history and examination with an explanation of the tests used to confirm diagnoses in specialist centres.