Mitral stenosis due to rheumatic heart disease - A rare cause of massive hemoptysis

We describe a case of a 59 year-old woman with hemoptysis, who was found to have severe mitral stenosis consistent with rheumatic heart disease. We demonstrate the appearance of pulmonary venous congestion can be seen on bronchoscopic examination in severe mitral stenosis and discuss the significance of the Wilkins score to help guide management.