Spectral Doppler ultrasound of peripheral arteries: a pictorial review

This article reviews the pathophysiology and sonographic findings of peripheral arterial lesions, with emphasis on the spectral Doppler waveforms encountered in each. It discusses the characteristic features of the Doppler spectra in obstructive conditions, including thromboembolism, atherosclerotic disease, bypass graft occlusion, dissection, trauma, and compartment syndrome, as well as non-obstructive conditions, including hyperemia, pseudoaneurysm, and arteriovenous fistula. Familiarity with the commonly-encountered spectral waveforms in the setting of these lesions is necessary for timely and accurate diagnosis and treatment.