Diagnóstico, evaluación y seguimiento de la hematuria microscópica. Un enfoque al alcance de todos

Asymptomatic microscopic haematuria, defined as the presence of three or more red blood cells per high-power field on microscopic examination of the urinary sediment, with no of infection, is a warning sign of disease of the kidney disease or the urinary tract. Among the most common causes include, urinary tract infection, benign prostatic hyperplasia, and urolithiasis, but there is also a likelihood that a patient with microscopic haematuria may have a neoplasm. The risk of urological malignancy increases in men over 35 years, people with a history of smoking, and exposure to environmental or occupational dyes, glues, benzene, etc. Its evaluation includes the study of erythrocyte dysmorphia, proteinuria, serum creatinine, or hypertension. An assessment of the entire urinary tract is required, with CT being the best tool for identifying lesions of the upper urinary tract. The lower urinary tract is best explored with cystoscopy. Urine cytology is not recommended for routine study of asymptomatic microscopic haematuria. In this review, an approach is presented on the diagnosis, evaluation and follow-up of patients with asymptomatic microscopic haematuria that enables it to be within everyone's reach.