ADHD and criminality: A primer on the genetic, neurobiological, evolutionary, and treatment literature for criminologists

ObjectiveThis state of the art review of 102 studies is a primer on ADHD and its major comorbidities for criminologists unfamiliar with the genetic, neurobiological, and evolutionary literatures.Materials and methodsNeurological, genetic, medical, and criminal justice data bases were keyword searched for articles on ADHD and/or articles using ADHD as a major independent variable.ResultsADHD is a disorder that is closely connected to externalizing behaviors, conduct problems, and criminal behavior across the life course.ConclusionsTo date, ADHD research has been carried out primarily by biomedical researchers and de-emphasized by criminologists whose training is overwhelmingly in the social sciences. The special expertise of criminologists in uncovering environmental correlates of antisocial behavior can benefit biomedical researchers who in turn can assist criminologists in uncovering the individual-level correlates of antisocial behavior.