Geographic variations in a model of physician treatment choice with social interactions

Region-specific norms of behavior are a widespread phenomenon. In the case of medical practice, numerous studies have found that geographic location exerts an inordinate influence on the choice of treatments and procedures. This paper shows how the presence of social influence on treatment decisions can help explain this phenomenon. We construct a theoretical model in which physicians’ treatment choices depend on patients’ characteristics and on the recent choices of nearby peers—either because there are local knowledge spillovers or because physicians want to conform to local practice patterns. In this setting, regional differences in the patient mix give rise to geographically divergent treatment patterns—the treatment a patient receives depends on where she lives. Investigation of Florida data reveals significant geographic variation in treatment rates consistent with the predictions of our model. Implications for patient welfare are explored.