Article ID | Journal | Published Year | Pages | File Type |
---|---|---|---|---|
8842133 | Neuroscience Research | 2018 | 5 Pages |
Abstract
After traumatic injuries of the central nervous system (CNS), including spinal cord injury (SCI), astrocytes surrounding the lesion become reactive and typically undergo hypertrophy and process extension. These reactive astrocytes migrate centripetally to the lesion epicenter and aid in the tissue repair process, however, they eventually become scar-forming astrocytes and form a glial scar which produces axonal growth inhibitors and prevents axonal regeneration. This sequential phenotypic change has long been considered to be unidirectional and irreversible; thus glial scarring is one of the main causes of the limited regenerative capability of the CNS. We recently demonstrated that the process of glial scar formation is regulated by environmental cues, such as fibrotic extracellular matrix material. In this review, we discuss the role and mechanism underlying glial scar formation after SCI as well as plasticity of astrogliosis, which helps to foster axonal regeneration and functional recovery after CNS injury.
Keywords
GFAPSOCSLMDSASNASRASFACSGFPlaser microdissectionAstrocytesReactive astrocytesSpinal cord injurySTATGlial scarUnited States of AmericaUSAAxonal regenerationCNSsuppressor of cytokine signalingcentral nervous systemscifluorescence activated cell sortingSignal transducer and activator of transcriptionGlial fibrillary acidic proteingreen fluorescent proteinCol I
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Authors
Seiji Okada, Masamitsu Hara, Kazu Kobayakawa, Yoshihiro Matsumoto, Yasuharu Nakashima,