Article ID | Journal | Published Year | Pages | File Type |
---|---|---|---|---|
8842168 | Progress in Neurobiology | 2018 | 146 Pages |
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common progressive neurodegenerative disorder, is characterized by severe cognitive decline and personality changes as a result of synaptic and neuronal loss. The defining clinicopathological hallmarks of the disease are deposits of amyloid precursor protein (APP)-derived amyloid-β peptides (Aβ) in the brain parenchyma, and intracellular aggregates of truncated and hyperphosphorylated tau protein in neurofibrillary tangles (NFT). At the cellular and molecular levels, many intertwined pathological mechanisms that relate Aβ and tau pathology with a transcription factor p53 have been revealed. p53 is activated in response to various stressors that threaten genomic stability. Depending on damage severity, it promotes neuronal death or survival, predominantly via transcription-dependent mechanisms that affect expression of apoptosis-related target genes. Levels of p53 are enhanced in the AD brain and maintain sustained tau hyperphosphorylation, whereas intracellular Aβ directly contributes to p53 pool and promotes downstream p53 effects. The review summarizes the role of p53 in neuronal function, discusses the interactions of p53, tau, and Aβ in the normal brain and during the progression of AD pathology, and considers the impact of the most prominent hereditary risk factors of AD on p53/tau/Aβ interactions. A better understanding of this intricate interplay would provide deeper insight into AD pathology and might offer some novel therapeutic targets for the improvement of treatment options. In this regard, drugs and natural compounds targeting the p53 pathway are of growing interest in neuroprotection as they may represent promising therapeutic approaches in the prevention of oxidative stress-dependent pathological processes underlying AD.
Keywords
I2PP2AAICDGSK-3βCBPpKaAPPNFTGAP-43RNSβ-site APP cleaving enzyme 1PP2AAβBACE1BIN1HEK 293PHFp53JnkHIPK2c-Jun N-terminal kinaseERK1/2MAPKsMdm2Mitogen activated protein kinasesp53 upregulated modulator of apoptosisROSamyloid β peptidesApoeapolipoprotein ENeuronal apoptosisAlzheimer’s diseaseAlzheimer's diseaselong-term potentiationLTPOxidative stressTauAmyloid precursor protein intracellular domainPaired helical filamentshuman embryonic kidney 293 cellsTranscriptional activationLow-density lipoproteinLDLneurofibrillary tanglesmapPresenilinCREB-binding proteinprotein phosphatase 2Agrowth-associated protein 43microtubule-associated proteinprotein kinase Abridging integrator 1PUMAGlycogen synthase kinase-3βreactive nitrogen speciesReactive oxygen species
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Authors
Maja JazvinÅ¡Äak Jembrek, Neda Slade, Patrick R. Hof, Goran Å imiÄ,