Article ID | Journal | Published Year | Pages | File Type |
---|---|---|---|---|
8842212 | Progress in Neurobiology | 2017 | 158 Pages |
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is a leading cause of death worldwide. A key secondary cell death mechanism mediating neurological damage following the initial episode of ischemic stroke is the upregulation of endogenous neuroinflammatory processes to levels that destroy hypoxic tissue local to the area of insult, induce apoptosis, and initiate a feedback loop of inflammatory cascades that can expand the region of damage. Stem cell therapy has emerged as an experimental treatment for stroke, and accumulating evidence supports the therapeutic efficacy of stem cells to abrogate stroke-induced inflammation. In this review, we investigate clinically relevant stem cell types, such as hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), very small embryonic-like stem cells (VSELs), neural stem cells (NSCs), extraembryonic stem cells, adipose tissue-derived stem cells, breast milk-derived stem cells, menstrual blood-derived stem cells, dental tissue-derived stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), teratocarcinoma-derived Ntera2/D1 neuron-like cells (NT2N), c-mycER(TAM) modified NSCs (CTX0E03), and notch-transfected mesenchymal stromal cells (SB623), comparing their potential efficacy to sequester stroke-induced neuroinflammation and their feasibility as translational clinical cell sources. To this end, we highlight that MSCs, with a proven track record of safety and efficacy as a transplantable cell for hematologic diseases, stand as an attractive cell type that confers superior anti-inflammatory effects in stroke both in vitro and in vivo. That stem cells can mount a robust anti-inflammatory action against stroke complements the regenerative processes of cell replacement and neurotrophic factor secretion conventionally ascribed to cell-based therapy in neurological disorders.
Keywords
IL-6MmpsGFAPMSCsBMSCsAD-MSCshESCsSDF-1EPOangiopoietin-1MMP-9ERKMCP-1MMP-2IL-1βIL-10IGF-1NGFOGDGDNFMCAOHIF-1αIPSCsNSCsS1PCXCR4EPCsSGZSVZangiopoietin-2DPSCsGM-CSFNT-3BMEOECsNIHSSIL-8HCMTregsHGFCFSEIRFHSCsNF-κMIP-1αIL-20PDLMUSECACSEpoROutgrowth endothelial cellsIgSFhNSCsVSELsBM-MNCsTGF-βInterferon- γC1PIFN- γMAPCsrhIL-3BDNFCAMsROSAng-1Ang-2TLRsVE-cadherinAdenosine TriphosphateATPSecondary injuryerythropoietinRecombinant human erythropoietinSphingosine-1-phosphateSTEPSChronic inflammationmiddle cerebral artery occlusioninterleukin 1 betaInterleukin 10interleukin 6Interleukin 8Transforming Growth Factor Betatumor necrosis factor-αPISCESImmunoglobulin superfamilyApoptosisSHEDrhEPOBBBblood brain barrierCeramide-1-phosphateNatural killer cellBone marrow-derived stem cellshuman embryonic stem cellshematopoietic stem cellsHuman neural stem cellsMesenchymal stem cellsadipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cellsDental pulp stem cellsInduced pluripotent stem cellsbone marrow-derived mononuclear cellsEndothelial progenitor cellsmultipotent adult progenitor cellsEmbryonic stem cellsNeural stem cellsinterferon regulatory factorInsulin growth factor-1Hepatocyte growth factorgranulocyte macrophage-colony-stimulating factorHypoxia-inducible factorGranulocyte-colony stimulating factorVascular endothelial growth factorVascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF)nerve growth factorbasic fibroblast growth factorG-CSFGlial cell line-derived neurotrophic factorBrain-derived neurotrophic factorTNF-αNational Institutes of Health stroke scaleMatrix metalloproteasesOxygen glucose deprivationCell deathsubgranular zonesubventricular zoneCellular adhesion moleculescytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant-1neurotrophin-3neurofilamentC-X-C chemokine receptor type 4Platelet lysatemonocyte chemoattractant protein 1Glial fibrillary acidic proteinMacrophage inflammatory protein-1αPoly-d-lysineCell transplantationGelatinase Avascular endothelial cadherincarboxyfluorescein diacetate succinimidyl esterExtracellular signal–regulated kinasescirculating angiogenic cellsReactive oxygen speciesErythropoietin ReceptorToll-like receptors
Related Topics
Life Sciences
Neuroscience
Neuroscience (General)
Authors
Connor Stonesifer, Sydney Corey, Shaila Ghanekar, Zachary Diamandis, Sandra A. Acosta, Cesar V. Borlongan,