Article ID | Journal | Published Year | Pages | File Type |
---|---|---|---|---|
8850447 | Chemosphere | 2018 | 38 Pages |
Abstract
Graphene has been shown to induce toxicity in mammals and marine crustaceans; however, information regarding oxidative stress in fish is scarce. The aim of this study was to evaluate the mechanism of graphene toxicity in different tissues of Danio rerio, considering different parameters of stress. Animals were injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) with 10â¯Î¼L of suspensions containing different graphene concentrations (5 and 50â¯mg/L); the gills, intestine, muscle and brain were analysed 48â¯h later. There was no significant difference in the expression of the gclc (glutamate cysteine ligase catalytic subunit) and nrf2 (nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2) genes after exposure. In contrast, glutamate cysteine ligase (GCL) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activities were modulated and the glutathione (GSH) concentration was reduced in different tissues and at different concentrations. Lipid damage was observed in the gills. Histological analyses were performed to observe if the exposure could induce pathological damage in these tissues. The results showed pathological effects in all tissues, excluding the intestine, after exposure to both concentrations. Overall, these results indicate that graphene induces different grades of toxicological effects that are dependent on the analysed organ, with distinct pathological effects on some and oxidative effects on others. However, the brain and gills seem to be the primary target organs for graphene toxicity.
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Authors
Amanda Lucena Fernandes, Jefferson PatrÃcio Nascimento, Adelina Pinheiro Santos, ClascÃdia Aparecida Furtado, Luis Alberto Romano, Carlos Eduardo da Rosa, José Maria Monserrat, Juliane Ventura-Lima,