Article ID | Journal | Published Year | Pages | File Type |
---|---|---|---|---|
8850577 | Chemosphere | 2018 | 44 Pages |
Abstract
The presence of antidepressants, such as venlafaxine (VFX), in marine ecosystems is increasing, thus, potentially posing ecological and human health risks. The inherent mechanisms of VFX uptake and elimination still require further understanding, particularly accounting for the impact of climate change-related stressors, such as warming and acidification. Hence, the present work aimed to investigate, for the first time, the effects of increased seawater temperature (ÎT°C = +5 °C) and pCO2 levels (ÎpCO2 â¼1000â¯Î¼atm, equivalent to ÎpHâ¯=â¯â0.4 units) on the uptake and elimination of VFX in biological tissues (muscle, liver, brain) and plasma of juvenile meagre (Argyrosomus regius) exposed to VFX through two different exposure pathways (via water, i.e. [VFX ] â¼20â¯Î¼gâ¯Lâ1, and via feed, i.e. [VFX] â¼160â¯Î¼gâ¯kgâ1 dry weight, dw). Overall, results showed that VFX can be uptaken by fish through both water and diet. Fish liver exhibited the highest VFX concentration (126.7â¯Â±â¯86.5â¯Î¼gâ¯kgâ1 and 6786.4â¯Â±â¯1176.7â¯Î¼gâ¯kgâ1 via feed and water exposures, respectively), as well as the highest tissue:plasma concentration ratio, followed in this order by brain and muscle, regardless of exposure route. Both warming and acidification decreased VFX uptake in liver, although VFX uptake in brain was favoured under warming conditions. Conversely, VFX elimination in liver was impaired by both stressors, particularly when acting simultaneously. The distinct patterns of VFX uptake and elimination observed in the different scenarios calls for a better understanding of the effects of exposure route and abiotic conditions on emerging contaminants' toxicokinetics.
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Authors
Ana LuÃsa Maulvault, Lúcia H.M.L.M. Santos, Carolina Camacho, PatrÃcia Anacleto, Vera Barbosa, Ricardo Alves, Pedro Pousão Ferreira, Albert Serra-Compte, Damià Barceló, Sara Rodriguez-Mozaz, Rui Rosa, Mário Diniz, António Marques,