Article ID | Journal | Published Year | Pages | File Type |
---|---|---|---|---|
8854063 | Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety | 2018 | 9 Pages |
Abstract
Toxicological effect of freshwater algae co-exposure to Cd and 4-n-nonylphenol (4-n-NP) was seldom reported. In the present study, Chlorella sorokiniana was selected for testing the single and combined effect of Cd and 4-n-NP by detecting the growth inhibition and oxidative stress after exposure for 48â¯h, 72â¯h, and 96â¯h. The combined effects were evaluated by using toxic units (TU) method and concentration additionï¼CAï¼model. The synergistic effect of mixture on algal growth inhibition was both observed at 48â¯h and 72â¯h, and the additive effect was observed at 96â¯h. In addition, the significant alterations of superoxide, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and antioxidant defenses (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione) have been detected. It could be observed that the mixture predominantly lead to synergistic effects in superoxide induction, and the antagonistic effects in the GSH induction. A similar trend between the superoxide induction and growth inhibition were observed, which may indicate that the oxidative effects of Chlorella sorokiniana contributed to the growth inhibition after exposure to Cd and 4-n-NP. These findings may have important implications in the risk assessments of heavy metals and endocrine disruptors in the aquatic environment.
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Authors
Lu Wang, Yuan Kang, Siyun Liang, Danying Chen, Qiuyun Zhang, Lixuan Zeng, Jiwen Luo, Feng Jiang,